“Mad cow disease, or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), is a disease that was first found in cattle. It’s related to a disease in humans called variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). Both disorders are universally fatal brain diseases caused by a prion. A prion is a protein particle that lacks DNA (nucleic acid). It’s believed to be the cause of various infectious diseases of the nervous system. Eating infected cattle products, including beef, can cause a human to develop mad cow disease.”

FDA.gov

“An epilepsy center is a group of health care professionals who specialize in the diagnosis, care, and treatment of people with seizures and epilepsy. Usually led by an epileptologist (a neurologist specializing in epilepsy), the specialized center should also include other health care professionals to meet the diverse needs of people with seizures and their families.”

Epilepsy Foundation

“How lung cancer is diagnosed differs from person to person. Your medical team chooses tests based on a number of factors:

Your medical history/Your symptoms/Findings from your physical exam.

To see if something suspicious is actually lung cancer, the doctor must study tissue or fluid from or around the lung.”

American Cancer Society

“Lung cancer is treated in several ways, depending on the type of lung cancer and how far it has spread. People with non-small cell lung cancer can be treated with surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these treatments. People with small cell lung cancer are usually treated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy.”

Lung Cancer Society

“Cancer is a disease in which cells in the body grow out of control. When cancer starts in the lungs, it is called lung cancer. Lung cancer begins in the lungs and may spread to lymph nodes or other organs in the body, such as the brain. Cancer from other organs also may spread to the lungs.”

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

“The clinical presentation of exacerbations of COPD is highly variable and ranges from episodic symptomatic deterioration that is poorly responsive to usual treatment, to devastating life threatening events. This underscores the heterogeneous physiological mechanisms of this complex disease, as well as the variation in response to the provoking stimulus. The derangements in ventilatory mechanics, muscle function, and gas exchange that characterise severe COPD exacerbations with respiratory failure are now well understood.”

U.S. National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health

“It’s caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, most often from cigarette smoke. People with COPD are at increased risk of developing heart disease, lung cancer and a variety of other conditions.”

MAYO CLINIC