“There are two broad types of brain injuries penetrating and non-penetrating brain injuries:
- Penetrating TBI (also known as open TBI) happens when an object pierces the skull (e.g., a bullet, shrapnel, bone fragment, etc.) and enters the brain tissue. Penetrating TBI typically damages only part of the brain.
- Non-penetrating TBI (also known as closed head injury or blunt TBI) is caused by an external force strong enough to move the brain within the skull. Causes include falls, motor vehicle crashes, sports injuries, blast injury, or being struck by an object.”
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)